![]() ![]() In 1913, a professor of surgery at the University of Chicago performed the first testicle transplant on a twice-cursed 33-year old man who had lost one testicle through an accident and the other through a botched hernia surgery. Regardless, he inspired laboratory research and clinical applications that led to the discovery of Testosterone. We now know that Brown-Séquard's formulations relied heavily on the placebo effect. "Cut bull testicles into four or five slices, mix with one liter of glycerine, store for twenty-four hours turning frequently, wash in boiling water, pass the liquid through a paper filter, and then sterilize at 104 degrees." Meanwhile, Brown-Séquard continued to "refine" his formulas: The procedure caught on in France and soon spread to the United States, where William Hammond, a former surgeon general, reported that the preparation reduced pain, improved cardiac function, and restored potency. He insisted the injections had increased his strength, improved his mental acuity and even lengthened the arc of his urine stream by 25 percent so he could blast cockroaches off le toilette wall. Twenty years later at the age of roughly 72, the crazy old coot tried it.īrown-Sequard revealed to a startled audience at the Société de Biologie in Paris that he had reversed his physical decline by injecting himself with the liquid extract derived from the testicles of a dog and a guinea pig. In 1869, a French physiologist named Charles Edouard Brown-Séquard theorized that injecting the sperm of a healthy young animal into the veins of an old man would produce vitality. 3 – The Primitive Beginnings of Testosterone Therapy ![]() Of course, that's pretty much what we think today when we look at some of the specimens of manhood walking around campuses. Pity the poor skinny, sickly men who were assumed by every sniggering onlooker to be chronic masturbators who had discharged all their masculinity into their sister's bloomers. Your tank supposedly only had so much gas, and you'd best not be riding around on the sexual Autobahn burning up that precious bodily fluid and, along with it, your masculinity. Furthermore, sperm was thought to exist in a limited supply. The medical profession warned men to not have excessive sexual intercourse or heaven forbid, masturbate, lest they deprive the body of this vital substance. This led to the predictable but horribly sad notion that sperm shouldn't be squandered. It was commonly believed that male secondary sexual characteristics – like muscle mass and genital growth – were associated with the production of sperm. Prior to the isolation of Testosterone in the 1930's, maleness was thought to be represented by that which was visible in other words, sperm and seminal fluid. ![]() We should remember this underlying similarity when thinking about the ways in which they differ." 2 – "Spermatic Economy" "Men and women are similar in many ways – in their bodies, their minds, their hopes and fears. Science writer James McBride Dabbs describes the similarity between the two molecules as a metaphor for the similarity of men and women: The molecules are so similar that they could be merged into one three-dimensional figure! The molecules are pretty much identical except for one solitary, extra hard-on of a carbon atom that stands straight up, illustrated in red below.ĭoesn't it seem appropriate that Testosterone itself would have a penis? Testosterone is on the top and estrogen is on the bottom. Testosterone and estrogen – miles apart, the yin and yang of human behavior and development, right? Well, they may have different effects, but they sure don't look much different. 1 – Testosterone and Estrogen: So alike and yet so different. ![]()
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